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Restless Leg Syndrome


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Introduction
Restless leg syndrome (RLS), also known as Ekbom's syndrome, is a discomfort, not pain, verbalized as pins and needles, a crawling sensation, or cramping mainly in the calves but sometimes noted in the thighs or arms.(1) Males and females are equally affected, and RLS occurs most commonly in the elderly. Iron deficiency, pregnancy, and renal failure are associated with RLS. Caffeine, stress, or fatigue may worsen the symptoms.(2) The sensation is generally bilateral and occurs only during rest and inactivity and is quickly relieved by walking or moving the legs.(3) When a patient attempts to resume sleep, the discomfort returns, causing insomnia. Clinical examination may reveal evidence of underlying systemic disease or mild peripheral neuropathy, but is more often normal.(4) Mild or intermittent symptoms usually require no treatment.
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Footnotes
1 Ambrogetti A, Olson LG, Saunders NA. Disorders of movement and behavior during sleep. Med J Aust. 1991;155:336-340.
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2 Jermain DM. Sleep Disorders. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, eds. Pharmacotherapy, A Pathophysiologic Approach, 4th ed. Stamford, CT; 1999:1215.
3 Krueger BR. Restless legs syndrome and periodic movements of sleep. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990;65:999-1006.
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4 Aminoff MJ. Parkinson's Disease and other extrapyramidal disorders. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998:2362.
 
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