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Tools and Resources
Cyclo (His-Pro)
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| General Info | ||||||||
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Active Forms Animal prostate powder, which contains approximately 1% cyclo (his-pro). Absorption Cyclo (his-pro) is well absorbed when taken orally. Dietary Sources It has been determined that some common foods contain substantial amounts of cyclo (his-pro). Examples include dried shrimp, fish sauce, tuna, ham, potted meat, non-dairy creamer, white bread, and noodles. Research suggests that cyclo (his-pro) may not occur naturally in these foods, but rather is a consequence of the thermal manipulation of hydrolyzed proteins during the manufacturing (food processing) process.(1) Researchers have also discovered that some nutritional supplements that contain proteins that are partly hydrolyzed and thermally treated during manufacturing also contain substantial amounts of cyclo (his-pro). Products in which the protein sources are casein and/or soy include Ensure, Ensure-Plus, and Osmolite.(2) |
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| Dosage Info | Back to Top | |||||||
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| Overview | Back to Top | |||||||
Consequently, numerous trials have utilized powdered prostate gland or extracts from the prostate glands of various species of animals to study the effects of cyclo (his-pro). Studies suggest that cyclo (his-pro) is one of numerous compounds in the prostate gland that regulate the intestinal absorption of zinc.(6) Both animals and humans with diabetes have altered zinc metabolism(7, 8) and zinc is known to play a key role in synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin.(9) Zinc is also required for proper glucose utilization by muscle and fat cells.(10) Cyclo (his-pro) enhances both zinc absorption and glucose utilization, which results in a significant decline in both blood and urine glucose levels of diabetic patients.(11) It appears that cyclo (his-pro) is an important new agent that can help improve glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. Currently the source of cyclo (his-pro) in commercial products is powdered animal prostate, which contains approximately 1% cyclo (his-pro). |
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| Toxicities & Precautions | Back to Top | |||||||
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Cyclo (his-pro) is well absorbed when taken orally. General There are no known toxicity side effects associated with cyclo (his-pro). Health Conditions Diabetic individuals who are using medications to control their blood sugar levels should consult their physician. Taking cyclo (his-pro) may necessitate close monitoring and possibly changing the dosage of their diabetic medications. |
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| Functions in the Body | Back to Top | |||||||
Intestinal Absorption of Zinc Cyclo (his-pro) enhances the intestinal absorption of zinc.(12) Lowers Blood Glucose Levels Cyclo (his-pro) helps lower blood glucose levels.(13) Reduces Hemoglobin A1C Cyclo (his-pro) causes a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C).(14) |
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| Clinical Applications | Back to Top | |||||||
| Diabetes, Type 2 Results from animal studies and clinical trials in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes indicate that cyclo (his-pro) helps ameliorate diabetic symptoms. It appears that the mechanism of action is due to cyclo (his-pro)'s ability to stimulate intestinal zinc absorption, which produces a reduction in blood glucose levels.(15, 16, 17) |
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| Symptoms & Causes of Deficiency | ||||||||
| Studies have not been conducted to determine the symptoms or causes of a deficiency of cyclo (his-pro) in humans. | ||||||||
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| Footnotes | Back to Top | |||||||
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1 Hilton CW, Prasad C, Vo P, Mouton C. Food contains the bioactive peptide, cyclo(His-Pro). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Aug1992;75(2):375-8. View Abstract 2 Hilton CW, Prasad C, Svec F, Vo P, Reddy S. Cyclo (His-Pro) in nutritional supplements. Lancet. Dec1990;336(8728):1455. 3 Prasad C. Cyclo(His-Pro): its distribution, origin and function in the human. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Apr1988;12(1):19-22. View Abstract 4 Hilton CW, Prasad C, Svec F, Vo P, Reddy S. Cyclo (His-Pro) in nutritional supplements. Lancet. Dec1990;336(8728):1455. 5 Pekary AE, Sharp B, Briggs J, et al. High concentrations of p-Glu-His-Pro-NH2 (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) occur in rat prostate. Peptides. Nov1983;4(6):915-9. View Abstract 6 Song MK, Rosenthal MJ, Kang KW, et al. Animal prostate extract ameliorates diabetic symptoms by stimulating intestinal zinc absorption in rats. Diabetes Research. 1996;31:157-170. 7 Johnson WT, Canfield WK. Intestinal absorption and excretion of zinc in streptozotocin-diabetic rats as affected by dietary zinc and protein. J Nutr. Sep1985;115(9):1217-27. View Abstract 8 Kinlaw WB, Levine AS, Morley JE, et al. Abnormal zinc metabolism in type II diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. Aug1983;75(2):273-7. 9 Chausmer AB. Zinc, insulin and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr. Apr1998;17(2):109-15. View Abstract 10 Ezaki O. IIb group metal ions (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) stimulate glucose transport activity by post-insulin receptor kinase mechanism in rat adipocytes. J Biol Chem. Sep1989;264(27):16118-22. View Abstract 11 Song MK, Rosenthal MJ, Naliboff BD, et al. Effects of bovine prostate powder on zinc, glucose, and insulin metabolism in old patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. Jan1998;47(1):39-43. View Abstract 12 Song MK, Rosenthal MJ, Kang KW, et al. Animal prostate extract ameliorates diabetic symptoms by stimulating intestinal zinc absorption in rats. Diabetes Research. 1996;31:157-170. 13 Song MK, Rosenthal MJ, Naliboff BD, et al. Effects of bovine prostate powder on zinc, glucose, and insulin metabolism in old patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. Jan1998;47(1):39-43. View Abstract 14 Song MK, Rosenthal MJ, Naliboff BD, et al. Effects of bovine prostate powder on zinc, glucose, and insulin metabolism in old patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. Jan1998;47(1):39-43. View Abstract 15 Song MK, Rosenthal MJ, Naliboff BD, et al. Effects of bovine prostate powder on zinc, glucose, and insulin metabolism in old patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. Jan1998;47(1):39-43. View Abstract 16 Song MK, Rosenthal MJ, Kang KW, et al. Animal prostate extract ameliorates diabetic symptoms by stimulating intestinal zinc absorption in rats. Diabetes Research. 1996;31:157-170. 17 Song MK, Rosenthal MJ, Hong S, et al. Synergistic antidiabetic activities of zinc, cyclo (his-pro), and arachidonic acid. Metabolism. Jan2001;50(1):53-9. View Abstract |
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